The Casimir effect is a physical force arising from a quantized field. Two closely spaced uncharged conductive plates without any external electromagnetic field will develop a force of attraction between themselves. In a classical description, the lack of an external field would mean that there is no field between the plates, and no force would be measured between them. From the perspective of QED( quantum electrodynamics) however, the plates do affect the virtual photons which constitute the field, and generate a net force, either an attraction or a repulsion, depending on the specific arrangement of the two plates. This force has been measured, and is a striking example of an effect purely due to second order quantization. Dutch physicists Hendrik Casimir and Dirk Polder first proposed the existence of the force and formulated an experiment to detect it in 1948 while participating in research at Philips Research Labs. The classic form of the experiment, described above, successfully demonstrated the force to within 15% of the value predicted by the theory. In 2003 this force was measured to within 5% of theory.

Present theory calls the suppression of long vacuum fluctuations (aka larger virtual particles) and replacement with shorter vacuum fluctuations (aka smaller virtual particles) inside the cavity as "up converting". It was established by Casimir - Polder that longer wavelength Vacuum fluctuations inside a cavity are restricted as the plates get closer because they must equal a whole number of wavelengths of the decreasing space between the plates. Normal QED theory states that the displaced longer wavelength fluctuations are replaced with shorter wavelength fluctuations. A relativistic interpretation however states that the longer wavelength fluctuations are NOT displaced, instead the Casimir field dilates time inside the cavity to simply make the longer wavelengths appear shorter from our perspective outside the cavity. This theory is in keeping with papers by Naudts and Bourgoin proposing a relativistic state of hydrogen with 137 fractional states. Their papers were directed at claims and controversy surrounding the hydrino and their equations used math only suitable for a relativistic environment so that one must first assume the 10nm pores of Rainey nickel or the 100nm Casimir cavities of the Jovian prototype (competitor) represent a relativistic environment. Fortunately this does appear to be the case, a paper "Cavity QED" by Zofia Bialynicka-Birula proposes a broken isotropy of the gravitational field and a varying equivalence boundary based on cavities meeting Casimir geometry. Her paper supports Bourgoin's use of equations normally reserved for full spin particles instead of the Dirac equations where the fractional states would fall away. The constant change in Casimir force with changes in local geometry results in constantly changing inertial frames and time dilation allowing electrons to appear spatially coincident to an observer outside the cavity.

I am proposing that claims of anomalous heat such as the Black Light Process are evidence of this relativistic interpretation for Casimir effect. Casimir "PLATES" oppose time flow on the mesoscopic scale in a similar manner that a large mass opposes it on the macro scale and likewise represent "equivalent " acceleration. The difference is that the "CAVITY" formed between the plates represents a sudden break in the opposition (something that cannot occur at the macro scale) -if the cavity is small enough it can never exhaust the pressure building on the plates and a permanent "field" is established (this creates a small area of "equivalent" DECELERATION using the plates as a reservoir. The animation of the sailing ship above shows a sail with a small hole in it letting wind stream through it many times faster than the ambient wind speed pushing the ship. This is what occurs in the Casimir cavity with time and is related to the Puthoff atomic model where vacuum fluctuations keep orbitals from decaying and supply the power for spontaneous emissions. Conductive material allows the Puthoff model to sum beyond a single atom and Casimir geometry allows that accumulated" pressure" to be exploited (P1V1=P2V2) for catalytic action and IMHO as an energy source. I suggest the "nonradiative translation" of atomic hydrogen to different fractional states as claimed by Mills for the Black Light Process does not extend to diatomic states of hydrogen. I believe the diatomic bond opposes the translation either preventing or disassociating diatoms outside the cavity (no gain) but likewise opposing translation of fractional diatoms formed by fractional atoms already inside the cavity (great potential gain). Fractional diatoms have opposing natural forces with the potential for oscillation between fractional h1 & h2 based on diffusion relative to the changing topography of the cavity. Recent work by Chen Peng at Cornell already indicates catalytic action occurs at the openings and defects of nanotubes, This supports my position that catalytic action is based on changes in Casimir geometry and that changes in the very smallest Casimir geometries can actually disassociate fractional diatoms restoring their atomic energy levels and allowing the cycle to repeat endlessly until the atoms escape or destroy the geometry supplying the force.

The relativistic interpretation of Casimir effect reveals the true nature of catalytic action as due to changes in Casimir geometry. The accelerated reactions we employ in everyday chemistry only occur from our perspective outside the cavity due to time dilation, the reactions occur at their normal unaccelerated rate from the perspective of the reactants inside the cavity. The acceleration of time equates to a deceleration of spatial motion in the same way that deceleration of time equates to an increase in spatial motion(like twin paradox), effectively the inside and outside of the cavity remains at the same XYZ spatial coordinates while the time coordinate in the cavity "drags" behind accumulating dilation - or conversely the outside of the cavity is racing away from the inside of the cavity on the time axis. The difference in this temporal rate is the basis for catalytic action and can be leveraged into supplying monatomic energy levels to fractional diatoms if the stage is properly set. The conditions have been spelled out for years in the claims of anomalous heat from atomic hydrogen and catalysts, the conditions are atomic gas and a rigid spatially confined cavity with abrupt changes in Casimir geometry. I suspect research with nano Pd particles and atomic gas would benefit from an inert shielding gas and a steady recycling of the mixed gases through the Pd powder. Presently research is focused on the slow loading of the lattice and gas leaches in and out over long periods. If researches concentrate on the less active geometry between the particles they can better control the rate of reaction, diffuse it over a larger area at lower energy densities and extract heat more easily.

protons inside the cavity should be smaller but collisions would be less frequent so only x scale gets thinner while Y gets wider to indicate fractional state. diatoms inside the cavity need to dissassociate with motion relative to the cavity & when fractional atoms form fractional diatoms need to show blue photon.

note normal diatom (molecules) are repelled from entering cavity - it can also force disassociation if the molecule is forced into the cavity.

froarty572@comcast.net